A high burden of malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV infection contributes to national and
individual poverty. We have reviewed a broad range of evidence detailing factors at …

Tuberculosis is unique among the major infectious diseases in that it lacks accurate rapid
point-of-care diagnostic tests. Failure to control the spread of tuberculosis is largely due to …

This review summarises a wide range of evidence about environmental and institutional
factors that influence vulnerability to malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV infection. By combining …

Background Although HIV testing and counseling (HTC) uptake has increased dramatically
in Africa, facility-based services are unlikely to ever meet ongoing need to the full. A major …

To measure time to initial presentation and assess factors influencing the decision to seek
medical attention, we interviewed 243 patients undergoing sputum examination for the …

Tuberculosis was declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in
1993. Following the declaration and the promotion in 1995 of directly observed treatment …

Background The STREAM stage 1 trial showed that a 9-month regimen for the treatment of
rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis was non-inferior to the 20-month 2011 WHO-recommended …

In tuberculosis-endemic settings, patients are often treated empirically, meaning that they
are placed on treatment based on clinical symptoms or tests that do not provide a …

Background In contrast to drug-sensitive tuberculosis, the guidelines for the treatment of
multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have a very poor evidence base; current …

Contacts of adults with tuberculosis (TB) are at risk for infection. Tests based on interferon-γ
(IFN-γ) expression in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens may be more …