Changing the strength of connections between neurons is widely assumed to be the
mechanism by which memory traces are encoded and stored in the central nervous system …

The hypothesis that the physical substrate of memory in the mammalian brain resides in
alterations of synaptic efficacy has been proposed frequently in both neuroscience 1–5 and …

The synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis of protein synthesis-dependent long-term
potentiation asserts that the induction of synaptic potentiation creates only the potential for a …

Electrophysiological studies have shown that single cells in the hippocampus respond
during spatial learning and exploration1–4, some firing only when animals enter specific …

Recent work has shown that the hippocampus contains a class of receptors for the excitatory
amino acid glutamate that are activated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) 1 and that exhibit …

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that rats can rapidly learn to locate an object that
they can never see, hear, or smell provided it remains in a fixed spatial location relative to …

Developments of an open-field water-maze procedure in which rats learn to escape from
opaque water onto a hidden platform are described. These include a procedure (A) for …

One of the problems in mounting a trial of treatment of back pain is the lack of suitable
outcome measures. This paper describes the development and validation of a questionnaire …

In protein crystallography, much time and effort are often required to trace an initial model
from an interpretable electron density map and to refine it until it best agrees with the …

Repeated stimulation of hippocampal neurons can induce an immediate and prolonged
increase in synaptic strength that is called long-term potentiation (LTP)—the primary cellular …