Table 2

Baseline characteristics of study population for the validation phase

Patients
N=145
Age, years, mean±SD (range)71.8±12.6 (21.8–101.0)
Sex
 Male74 (51.0%)
 Female68 (46.9%)
 Missing3 (2.1%)
Ethnicity
 Caucasian130 (89.7%)
 Asian2 (1.4%)
 East Indian5 (3.4%)
 First Nations/Inuit/Metis or Aboriginal1 (0.7%)
 African/Black North American2 (1.4%)
 Other2 (1.4%)
 Missing3 (2.1%)
Formal religious group
 Protestant51 (35.2%)
 Catholic30 (20.7%)
 Jewish1 (0.7%)
 Muslim1 (0.7%)
 None40 (27.6%)
 Other17 (11.7%)
 Missing5 (3.4%)
Highest level of education
 Did not complete high school36 (24.8%)
 Completed high school28 (19.3%)
 Some university education or completed other postsecondary programme51 (35.2%)
 University undergraduate degree18 (12.4%)
 University graduate degree10 (6.9%)
 Missing2 (1.4%)
Place of residence in the past month
 Own home131 (90.3%)
 Retirement residence7 (4.8%)
 Long-term care home2 (1.4%)
 Hospital1 (0.7%)
 Other2 (1.4%)
 Missing2 (1.4%)
Comorbidities*
 Heart disease43 (29.7%)
 High blood pressure78 (53.8%)
 Lung disease24 (16.6%)
 Diabetes32 (22.1%)
 Ulcer or stomach disease37 (25.5%)
 Kidney disease18 (12.4%)
 Liver disease15 (10.3%)
 Anaemia or other blood disease26 (17.9%)
 Cancer70 (48.3%)
 Depression40 (27.6%)
 Osteoarthritis, degenerative arthritis0 (0.0%)
 Back pain71 (49.0%)
 Rheumatoid arthritis16 (11.0%)
Number of comorbidities per patient, mean±SD (range)3.8±2.1 (0.0–10.0)
Frailty†
 Very fit18 (12.4%)
 Well24 (16.6%)
 Managing well44 (30.3%)
 Vulnerable39 (26.9%)
 Mildly frail12 (8.3%)
 Moderately frail4 (2.8%)
 Severely frail2 (1.4%)
 Very severely frail0 (0.0%)
 Missing2 (1.4%)
Quality of life*
 Excellent21 (14.5%)
 Very good42 (29.0%)
 Good41 (28.3%)
 Fair32 (22.1%)
 Poor8 (5.5%)
 Missing1 (0.7%)

  • *Based on patient self-report.

  • †Based on patient self-report using the Clinical Frailty Scale.24