Characteristics of groups
| Bereaved and care | Bereaved and no care | Not bereaved | P value | P value interaction if <0.05 | ||||
| Mean* (SD) | n (%) | Mean* (SD) | n (%) | Mean* (SD) | n (%) | |||
| Whether personal care was provided by respondent to person at end-of-life | 51.1 (8.6) | 583 (100%) | 51.3 (8.7). | 1174 (100%) | 51.6 (8.3) | 5849 (100%) | 0.212 | |
| Sex | 0.234 | |||||||
| Male | 51.6 (8.6) | 227 (39%) | 51.4 (8.9) | 581 (50%) | 51.7 (8.3) | 2855 (49%) | ||
| Female | 50.8 (8.6) | 357 (61%) | 51.2 (8.5) | 592 (50%) | 51.6 (8.3) | 2994 (51%) | ||
| Age (years) | 0.057 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 16–24 | 53.9 (6.8) | 59 (10%) | 51.3 (8.1) | 182 (16%) | 51.6 (8.5) | 852 (15%) | ||
| 25–34 | 51.4 (8.6) | 87 (15%) | 53.2 (7.0) | 196 (17%) | 51.8 (7.7) | 997 (17%) | ||
| 35–44 | 49.3 (7.9) | 75 (13%) | 50.9 (9.4) | 206 (18%) | 51.8 (8.3) | 1047 (18%) | ||
| 45–54 | 49.0 (9.5) | 126 (22%) | 49.5 (9.0) | 221 (19%) | 51.3 (8.5) | 996 (17%) | ||
| 55–64 | 52.9 (8.0) | 104 (18%) | 52.0 (8.6) | 158 (14%) | 51.1 (8.8) | 811 (14%) | ||
| 65–74 | 52.6 (8.3) | 76 (13%) | 52.9 (9.2) | 127 (11%) | 52.4 (8.2) | 663 (11%) | ||
| 75–84 | 49.7 (8.6) | 45 (8%) | 49.8 (8.9) | 70 (6%) | 51.7 (8.4) | 370 (6%) | ||
| 85 and above | 47.5 (9.5) | 11 (2%) | 47.1 (8.7) | 15 (1%) | 50.5 (7.8) | 112 (2%) | ||
| Ethnic origin | 0.398 | 0.045 | ||||||
| White | 51.1 (8.6) | 549 (94%) | 51.3 (8.6) | 1054 (90%) | 51.5 (8.3) | 5087 (87.0) | ||
| Asian | 53.5 (7.1) | 13 (2%) | 52.8 (10.0) | 61 (5%) | 52.2 (8.6) | 464 (8%) | ||
| Black/African/Caribbean/Black British | 47.3 (12.2) | 13 (2%) | 50.8 (9.8) | 22 (2%) | 54.0 (8.4) | 152 (3%) | ||
| Mixed/multiple ethnic groups | 51.6 (3.7) | 6 (1%) | 48.2 (9.4) | 20 (2%) | 52.3 (7.3) | 89 (2%) | ||
| Any other ethnic group | 48.1 (7.9) | 4 (1%) | 54.5 (8.7) | 14 (1%) | 50.2 (10.2) | 55 (1%) | ||
| Highest educational qualification | 0.268 | |||||||
| NVQ4/NVQ5/degree or equiv | 52.4 (8.5) | 164 (28%) | 53.4 (6.5) | 312 (27%) | 53.6 (7.2) | 1551 (27%) | ||
| Below degree | 51.0 (8.4) | 299 (51%) | 51.2 (8.7) | 638 (54%) | 51.4 (8.2) | 3206 (55%) | ||
| No qualification | 49.7 (8.9) | 119 (21%) | 49.0 (10.3) | 224 (19%) | 49.4 (9.4) | 1084 (19%) | ||
| Household Income | 0.095 | |||||||
| Lowest quintile (≤£12,803) | 47.9 (9.6) | 87 (19%) | 48.2 (11.0) | 191 (19%) | 49.3 (9.2) | 860 (18%) | ||
| Second lowest quintile (>£12,803 ≤£19,500) | 50.5 (8.4) | 96 (21%) | 50.4 (9.2) | 186 (19%) | 50.2 (8.7) | 813 (17%) | ||
| Middle quintile (>£19,500 ≤£29,865) | 51.2 (8.0) | 95 (20%) | 51.8 (7.4) | 165 (17%) | 52.2 (8.0) | 903 (19%) | ||
| Second highest quintile (>£29,865 ≤£49,016) | 52.8 (7.5) | 107 (23%) | 52.3 (7.5) | 220 (22%) | 52.7 (7.4) | 1051 (22%) | ||
| Highest quintile (>£49,016) | 51.4 (6.8) | 82 (18%) | 53.1 (7.2) | 224 (23%) | 53.4 (7.3) | 1061 (23%) | ||
| Self-assessed general health | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Very good/good | 52.3 (8.0 | 437 (75%) | 53.3 (7.3) | 893 (76%) | 53.1 (7.4) | 4565 (78%) | ||
| Fair | 47.9 (8.8) | 112 (19%) | 47.4 (8.7) | 198 (17%) | 48.1 (8.4) | 939 (16%) | ||
| Bad/very bad | 46.4 (10.7) | 34 (6%) | 39.8 (10.1) | 83 (7%) | 41.6 (9.5) | 343 (6%) | ||
| Illnesses lasting 12 months or more | 0.578 | |||||||
| Yes | 49.4 (9.5) | 266 (46%) | 48.6 (10.0) | 461 (39%) | 49.5 (9.0) | 2206 (38%) | ||
| No | 52.5 (7.4) | 318 (55%) | 53.1 (7.2) | 713 (61%) | 52.9 (7.6) | 3639 (62%) | ||
| Currently caring for someone because of health/old age | 0.374 | |||||||
| Yes, currently caring | 50.4 (8.7) | 131 (22%) | 49.7 (8.4) | 237 (20%) | 50.5 (8.2) | 918 (16%) | ||
| No, not currently caring | 51.3 (8.6) | 452 (78%) | 51.8 (8.7) | 936 (80%) | 51.9 (8.3) | 4930 (84%) | ||
*Mean value refers to the WEMWBS well-being score which ranges between 14 (poor mental well-being) and 70 (high mental well-being).
NVQ, National Vocational Qualification; WEMWBS, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale.