Table 3

Frequency of the procedures performed during the last year of life among people who died of cancer in Catalonia 2014–2015 and had completed ADs versus those who had not, stratified by sex; adjusted ORs (95% CI) by socioeconomic level

	Women						Men
Procedures	Cases		Controls		Adjusted model		Cases		Controls		Adjusted model
Procedures	N	%	N	%	OR (95% CI)	P value	N	%	N	%	OR (95% CI)	P value
Surgery	47	11.75	147	18.35	0.60 (0.42 to 0.86)	0.01	67	17.72	140	18.32	0.99 (0.70 to 1.40)	0.95
Pain treatment	1	0.25	4	0.50	*		2	0.53	2	0.26	*
Transplant	2	0.50	3	0.37	*		3	0.79	3	0.39	*
Palliative care	37	9.25	76	9.49	0.95 (0.61 to 1.48)	0.82	44	11.64	73	9.55	1.43 (0.91 to 2.23)	0.12
Mechanical ventilation	30	7.50	85	10.61	0.70 (0.45 to 1.08)	0.11	36	9.52	116	15.18	0.62 (0.40 to 0.94)	0.02
Ostomy†	2	0.50	17	2.12	0.16 (0.03 to 0.79)	0.02	4	1.06	14	1.83	0.59 (0.18 to 2.00)	0.40
Artificial nutrition	9	2.25	34	4.24	0.50 (0.23 to 1.08)	0.08	9	2.38	29	3.80	0.72 (0.33 to 1.58)	0.41
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation	0	0.00	2	0.25	*		0	0.00	0	0.00	*
Nasogastric probe	10	2.50	17	2.12	1.17 (0.49 to 2.80)	0.73	8	2.12	19	2.49	1.05 (0.42 to 2.67)	0.91
Endoscopy	37	9.25	133	16.60	0.53 (0.36 to 0.79)	<0.01	58	15.34	143	18.72	0.82 (0.59 to 1.15)	0.25
Transfusions	51	12.75	123	15.36	0.83 (0.58 to 1.18)	0.30	51	13.49	128	16.75	0.81 (0.55 to 1.18)	0.27
Thoracentesis	12	3.00	56	6.99	0.42 (0.22 to 0.80)	0.01	21	5.56	45	5.89	0.98 (0.56 to 1.70)	0.94
IV fluids/drugs	114	28.50	261	32.58	0.82 (0.63 to 1.09)	0.17	129	34.13	266	34.82	1.06 (0.79 to 1.44)	0.69
Antibiotics	49	12.25	119	14.86	0.83 (0.58 to 1.18)	0.29	74	19.58	130	17.02	1.30 (0.91 to 1.85)	0.14
Tracheostomy	1	0.25	5	0.62	*		1	0.26	17	2.23	*
Dialysis	3	0.75	3	0.37	3.40 (0.38 to 30.25)	0.27	3	0.79	13	1.70	0.64 (0.17 to 2.49)	0.52
Amputation	1	0.25	1	0.12	*		0	0.00	3	0.39	*
Intubation	3	0.75	14	1.75	0.33 (0.08 to 1.35)	0.12	3	0.79	23	3.01	0.28 (0.08 to 1.03)	0.06
Transfers	68	17.00	173	21.60	0.75 (0.54 to 1.04)	0.08	75	19.84	180	23.56	0.90 (0.66 to 1.25)	0.54
Emergencies	290	72.50	653	81.52	0.64 (0.48 to 0.86)	<0.01	296	78.31	668	87.43	0.54 (0.38 to 0.78)	<0.01

*Not enough cases for modelling.
†Gastrostomy, ileostomy, colostomy and resections.
ADs, advance directives; IV, intravenous.