Table 2

Frequency of the procedures performed during the last year of life among people who died in Catalonia 2014–2015 and had completed ADs versus those who had not, stratified by sex; adjusted ORs (95% CI) by socioeconomic level

	Women						Men
Procedures	Cases		Controls		Adjusted model		Cases		Controls		Adjusted model
Procedures	N	%	N	%	OR (95% CI)	P value	%	N	%	N	OR (95% CI)	P value
Surgery	68	7.26	206	11.00	0.63 (0.47 to 0.84)	<0.01	95	12.09	200	12.67	0.97 (0.73 to 1.28)	0.81
Pain treatment	1	0.11	8	0.43	*		2	0.25	3	0.19	*
Transplant	2	0.21	4	0.21	*		4	0.51	3	0.19	*
Palliative care	47	5.02	92	4.91	1.04 (0.70 to 1.52)	0.86	46	5.85	78	4.94	1.37 (0.89 to 2.10)	0.16
Mechanical ventilation	120	12.81	261	13.93	0.91 (0.71 to 1.16)	0.44	109	13.87	293	18.57	0.71 (0.55 to 0.92)	0.01
Ostomy†	11	1.17	26	1.39	0.75 (0.34 to 1.63)	0.47	13	1.65	19	1.20	1.29 (0.60 to 2.78)	0.51
Artificial nutrition	17	1.81	62	3.31	0.54 (0.31 to 0.95)	0.03	18	2.29	46	2.92	0.84 (0.47 to 1.51)	0.56
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation	3	0.32	5	0.27	*		2	0.25	7	0.44	*
Nasogastric probe	13	1.39	26	1.39	0.94 (0.46 to 1.93)	0.86	9	1.15	25	1.58	0.68 (0.29 to 1.59)	0.37
Endoscopy	55	5.87	162	8.65	0.67 (0.48 to 0.93)	0.02	71	9.03	185	11.72	0.76 (0.56 to 1.02)	0.07
Transfusions	71	7.58	201	10.73	0.69 (0.52 to 0.93)	0.01	87	11.07	196	12.42	0.92 (0.69 to 1.24)	0.59
Thoracentesis	20	2.13	74	3.95	0.54 (0.32 to 0.89)	0.02	30	3.82	61	3.87	1.00 (0.63 to 1.59)	1.00
IV fluids/drugs	225	24.01	481	25.68	0.93 (0.76 to 1.13)	0.45	218	27.74	472	29.91	0.98 (0.79 to 1.22)	0.85
Antibiotics	109	11.63	248	13.24	0.88 (0.68 to 1.13)	0.31	114	14.50	252	15.97	0.97 (0.75 to 1.26)	0.83
Tracheostomy	1	0.11	13	0.69	*		5	0.64	34	2.15	*
Dialysis	12	1.28	12	0.64	2.27 (0.93 to 5.55)	0.07	12	1.53	25	1.58	0.95 (0.44 to 2.05)	0.89
Amputation	2	0.21	9	0.48	*		6	0.76	13	0.82	*
Intubation	21	2.24	47	2.51	0.91 (0.53 to 1.56)	0.73	23	2.93	73	4.63	0.56 (0.33 to 0.94)	0.03
Transfers	152	16.22	369	19.70	0.81 (0.65 to 1.00)	0.05	127	16.16	314	19.90	0.86 (0.68 to 1.09)	0.21
Emergencies	714	76.20	1496	79.87	0.85 (0.69 to 1.04)	0.11	608	77.35	1329	84.22	0.68 (0.54 to 0.86)	<0.01

*Not enough cases for modelling.
†Gastrostomy, ileostomy, colostomy and resections.
ADs, advance directives; IV, intravenous.