Associations between patient and centre characteristics with the average total scores across the six Initiative for Paediatric Palliative Care domains
N | % | Total score all domains, % | |||
Mean (SD) | P value* | Adjusted p value* | |||
Patient characteristics | |||||
Age | |||||
Newborn (0–1 month) | 34 | 6.8 | 51.3 (22.6) | 0.083 | 0.099 |
Infant (>1–12 months) | 122 | 24.5 | 53.0 (17.7) | 0.388 | 0.459 |
Preschool (>1–5 years) | 150 | 30.1 | 52.2 (18.5) | Ref. | Ref. |
School (>5–11 years) | 103 | 20.7 | 47.4 (19.6) | 0.942 | 0.650 |
Teen (>11–18 years) | 89 | 17.9 | 52.9 (16.7) | 0.259 | 0.228 |
Sex | |||||
Male | 285 | 57.2 | 50.4 (19.1) | Ref. | Ref. |
Female | 213 | 42.8 | 52.8 (17.8) | 0.878 | 0.744 |
Race | |||||
White | 173 | 35.8 | 56.5 (20.7) | Ref. | Ref. |
Asian | 111 | 22.3 | 44.6 (16.1) | 0.370 | 0.279 |
Black† | 54 | 10.9 | 46.4 (20.1) | 0.045 | 0.047 |
Indian | 31 | 6.2 | 55.5 (4.8) | 0.436 | 0.448 |
Mestiza | 57 | 11.5 | 51.2 (20.1) | 0.732 | 0.880 |
Middle-Eastern | 67 | 13.5 | 52.1 (14.2) | 0.819 | 0.650 |
Other | 4 | 0.8 | 55.8 (4.4) | 0.985 | 0.837 |
Days in paediatric intensive care unit | |||||
<30 days | 427 | 85.7 | 51.6 (18.9) | Ref. | |
≥30 days | 71 | 14.3 | 50.5 (16.3) | 0.431 | |
Comorbidities | |||||
Single Major Diagnostic Category | 133 | 26.7 | 51.4 (18.8) | Ref. | Ref. |
Multiple comorbidities | 365 | 73.2 | 51.5 (18.5) | 0.017 | 0.018 |
Centre characteristics | |||||
Number of ventilators | |||||
<1 per bed | 238 | 47.8 | 49.6 (15.1) | Ref. | |
≥1 per bed | 260 | 52.2 | 53.1 (21.2) | 0.811 | |
Resuscitation equipment | |||||
<0.5 per bed | 360 | 72.3 | 50.3 (20.0) | Ref. | |
≥0.5 per bed | 138 | 27.7 | 54.3 (13.8) | 0.509 | |
Per cent daily bed use | |||||
<80% | 176 | 35.3 | 52.4 (22.2) | Ref. | |
≥80% | 322 | 64.7 | 50.9 (16.3) | 0.792 | |
Beds per critical care doctor | |||||
<2 beds per doctor | 319 | 68.5 | 50.5 (19.3) | Ref. | |
≥2 beds per doctor | 147 | 31.6 | 51.6 (17.9) | 0.884 | |
Beds per nurse | |||||
<2 beds per nurse | 245 | 54.8 | 54.0 (19.8) | Ref. | |
≥2 beds per nurse | 202 | 45.2 | 47.6 (17.6) | 0.212 | |
Shift length | |||||
<8 hours | 102 | 20.5 | 67.1 (13.7) | Ref. | Ref. |
8–12 hours | 241 | 48.4 | 53.4 (15.1) | 0.079 | 0.056 |
13–18 hours | 42 | 8.4 | 47.1 (22.5) | 0.056 | 0.052 |
19–24 hours | 20 | 4.0 | 35.6 (24.1) | 0.010 | 0.006 |
Multiple | 93 | 18.7 | 34.4 (8.76) | 0.001 | <0.001 |
P value for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Bold values are those found to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.05).
*P values were estimated using univariate and multivariable multilevel generalised linear models using centre as a clustering variable. The adjusted model included age, sex, race, comorbidities and shift length.
†After subanalysis of this variable, considering many children in the universe were of black ethnicities, we do not consider this finding significative.