Models | Dependent variables | n | Tumour location OR (95% CI) | |||||||||
Upper GI tract | CRC | Gynaecology | HN | Breast | Lung | BCT | Haematological | Melanoma | Others | |||
1* | BMI<20 kg/m2 | 1396 | 2.37 (1.79 to 3.15)† | 0.64 (0.44 to 0.92) ‡ | 0.63 (0.46 to 0.87)‡ | 2.69 (1.99 to 3.65)† | 0.33 (0.21 to 0.52)† | 1.07 (0.74 to 1.56) | 0.50 (0.25 to 1.01) | 0.41 (0.11 to 1.50) | 0.46 (0.25–0.84)‡ | 0.61 (0.40–0.97)‡ |
2* | WL>5% in 6 months | 1490 | 1.48 (1.08 to 2.03)‡ | 0.90 (0.63 to 1.29) | 1.36 (0.97 to 1.90) | 1.08 (0.77 to 1.52) | 0.98 (0.66 to 1.45) | 0.73 (0.51 to 1.06) | 0.66 (0.37 to 1.18) | 0.62 (0.22 to 1.72) | 0.74 (0.44–0.124) | 0.68 (0.45–1.04) |
3* | Low CC§ | 1683 | 2.44 (1.76 to 3.40)† | 0.96 (0.69 to 1.35) | 0.77 (0.58 to 1.02) | 1.90 (1.40 to 2.59)† | 0.44 (0.31 to 0.61)† | 1.33 (0.93 to 1.91) | 0.51 (0.29 to 0.85)† | 0.46 (0.17 to 1.22) | 0.43 (0.28–0.68)† | 0.81 (0.55–1.19) |
4* | Low AC¶ | 2070 | 2.59 (2.05 to 3.26)† | 1.06 (0.79 to 1.42) | 0.94 (0.73 to 1.19) | 1.61 (1.22 to 2.09)‡ | 0.46 (0.33 to 0.64)† | 0.73 (0.53 to 1.00) | 0.49 (0.29 to 0.83)‡ | 0.51 (0.19 to 1.40) | 0.53 (0.32–0.86)‡ | 0.52 (0.35–0.75)‡ |
5* | Low TS** | 1980 | 3.20 (2.52 to 4.03)† | 0.96 (0.71 to 1.30) | 0.46 (0.35 to 0.61)† | 2.66 (2.03 to 3.49)† | 0.16 (0.09 to 0.25)† | 0.97 (0.71 to 1.32) | 0.76 (0.46 to 1.24) | 0.73 (0.29 to 1.89) | 0.62 (0.38–1.00) | 0.61 (0.41–0.87)‡ |
6* | Low MUAMA†† | 1980 | 2.39 (1.89 to 3.02)† | 1.14 (0.85 to 1.52) | 0.36 (0.28 to 0.47)† | 2.70 (2.06 to 3.54)† | 0.20 (0.13 to 0.29)† | 1.22 (0.90 to 1.64) | 0.61 (0.37 to 0.97)‡ | 0.52 (0.20 to 1.32) | 0.66 (0.42–1.04) | 1.46 (1.04–2.01)‡ |
7* | WLGS>3 | 2145 | 1.40 (1.06 to 1.87)‡ | 1.01 (0.73 to 1.40) | 1.10 (0.84 to 1.45) | 1.23 (0.90 to 1.67) | 0.80 (0.59 to 1.09) | 0.89 (0.64 to 1.25) | 0.58 (0.37 to 0.93)‡ | 0.65 (0.28 to 1.52) | 0.83 (0.53–1.30) | 0.83 (0.58–1.19) |
8* | PG-SGA SF>9 pts | 2145 | 1.25 (0.93 to 1.68) | 1.13 (0.80 to 1.60) | 1.50 (1.09 to 2.06)† | 0.90 (0.67 to 1.21) | 0.82 (0.58 to 1.17) | 0.97 (0.68 to 1.39) | 0.72 (0.42 to 1.23) | 1.14 (0.41 to 3.15) | 0.68 (0.43–1.06) | 0.71 (0.48–1.03) |
9* | Cachexia Wallengren | 1890 | 0.98 (0.50 to 1.47) | 1.88 (1.23 to 2.86)† | 1.32 (0.91 to 1.92) | 0.59 (0.32 to 1.06) | 0.62 (0.37 to 1.05) | 1.29 (0.80 to 2.10) | 0.76 (0.36 to 1.60) | 0.85 (0.19 to 3.72) | 0.47 (0.17–1.31) | 0.84 (0.45–1.58) |
10‡‡ | Caquexia Blum | 1490 | 1.66 (1.30 to 2.14)‡ | 0.91 (0.67 to 1.23) | 1.00 (0.77 to 1.30) | 1.28 (0.95 to 1.71) | 0.82 (0.60 to 1.13) | 0.89 (0.65 to 1.23) | 0.67 (0.41 to 1.09) | 0.51 (0.21 to 1.28) | 0.53 (0.33–1.84) | 0.78 (0.54–1.14) |
11‡‡ | Cachexia Vigano | 2070 | 1.48 (1.19 to 1.83)‡ | 1.11 (0.86 to 1.42) | 1.22 (0.98 to 1.51) | 0.93 (0.73 to 1.18) | 0.89 (0.68 to 1.15) | 0.91 (0.70 to 1.19) | 0.74 (0.49 to 1.12) | 0.57 (0.28 to 1.17) | 0.53 (0.36–1.77) | 0.75 (0.55–1.01) |
In bold, data with statistically significant difference (p <0.05 or <0.001)
*Multivariate logistic regression.
†p<0.001.
‡p<0.05.
§Low CC: ≤34cm (male) and ≤33cm (female).
¶Low AC: <1st tertile (≤23.2mm (male) and ≤23.0mm (female)).
**Low TSF: <1st tertile (≤6.3mm (male) and ≤12.0mm (female)).
††Low MUAMA: <32cm2 (male) and <18cm2 (female).
‡‡Ordinal polytomous logistic regressions controlled by age, KPS, place of patient evaluation (outpatient vs hospitalisation).
§§
AC, arm circumference; BCT, bone and connective tissues; BMI, body mass index; CC, calf circumference; CRC, colorectar cancer; GI, gastrointestinal; HN, head and neck; KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status; MUAMA, mid-upper arm muscle area; PG-SGA SF, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment short form; TSF, tricipital skinfold; WL, weight loss; WLGS, WL grading system.