Table 1
Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength from baseline to week 12
| habit-B (n=21) | Control (n=23) | Between-group difference | |||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (95% CI) | ES | P value | |
| Primary endpoint | |||||
 (mL/kg/min) | |||||
| Baseline | 25.0 (3.0) | 24.9 (4.6) | |||
| Week 12 | 25.9 (2.8) | 24.1 (4.0) | |||
| Within-group difference | 0.9 (1.7) | −0.8 (1.6) | 1.7 (0.7 to 2.7) | 1.06 | <0.01 |
| Secondary endpoint | |||||
| Cardiorespiratory fitness | |||||
| 6MWT (m)* | |||||
| Baseline | 586 (43) | 603 (59) | |||
| Week 12 | 615 (42) | 631 (68) | |||
| Within-group difference | 30 (30) | 29 (40) | 1 (−21 to 23) | 0.26 | 0.93 |
 (L/min) | |||||
| Baseline | 1.33 (0.18) | 1.32 (0.29) | |||
| Week 12 | 1.39 (0.23) | 1.29 (0.26) | |||
| Within-group difference | 0.06 (0.11) | −0.03 (0.09) | 0.10 (0.03 to 0.16) | 0.95 | <0.01 |
| Muscle strength | |||||
| Grip strength (kgw) | |||||
| Baseline | 22.4 (3.8) | 23.3 (4.2) | |||
| Week 12 | 23.2 (4.2) | 23.7 (3.4) | |||
| Within-group difference | 0.8 (2.0) | 0.4 (2.1) | 0.4 (−0.9 to 1.6) | 0.26 | 0.53 |
| Leg press 1RM (kg)* | |||||
| Baseline | 93.6 (24.3) | 98.7 (40.6) | |||
| Week 12 | 106.6 (26.7) | 98.2 (30.9) | |||
| Within-group difference | 13.0 (15.9) | −0.5 (18.1) | 13.5 (2.9 to 24.1) | 0.79 | 0.01 |
| Chair stand test (s)* | |||||
| Baseline | 14.4 (3.2) | 13.7 (2.5) | |||
| Week 12 | 13.5 (2.9) | 13.3 (2.5) | |||
| Within-group difference | −0.9 (2.7) | −0.4 (1.8) | −0.5 (−1.9 to 0.9) | −0.21 | 0.50 |
*The number of 6MWT, Leg press 1RM and Chair stand test were 20 for habit-B and 23 for control.
ES, Effect Size; 6MWT, 6 min walk test; 1RM, one-repetition maximum; V̇O2peak, peak oxygen uptake.