Author | Study design | Level of evidence | Qual/quant | Region | Participants | Methods of data collection | Type of outcome reported |
Ipsos MORI39 | Pilot evaluation | Report | Qualitative | Brighton and Hove, London, Leeds, Mid Essex, Salford, Sandwell and North Somerset | Pilot leaders | Document analysis, interviews | Implementation |
NHS Improving Quality38 | Cross-sectional | Report | Quantitative | CCGs in England | CCGs across England | 188 surveys | Implementation, ACP documentation and place of death |
NHS Improving Quality40 | Mixed methods | Report | Quantitative | Brighton and Hove, London, Leeds, Mid Essex, Salford, Sandwell, Medway, Bedfodshire, Birmingham, North East and North Somerset | HES hospital care, local EPaCCS data and ONS data on DiUPR from January 2008 to June 2012. Members of EPaCCS team. | Secondary data analysis and 55 surveys | DiUPR, achievement of PPD, hospital admissions, cost and implementation* |
Qualitative | EPaCCS team members | Two focus group | Implementation | ||||
Whole System Partnership41 | Mixed methods | Report | Quantitative | 10 sites from London, South West England, East of England, North West and East Midlands | ONS data on place of death in 139 CCGs between 2011 and 2016. HES data on hospital admissions in the last year of life in 10 CCGs areas. | Secondary data analysis and 91 surveys | DiUPR and cost |
Qualitative | Healthcare professionals, patients, carers, system leaders. | 12 in-depth interviews | Implementation |
*Data on place of death were only available for four EPaCCS sites.
ACP, advance care planning;CCG, clinical commissioning group;DiUPR, death in usual place of residence;EPaCCS, Electronic Palliative Care Coordination Systems; HES, Hospital Episodes Statistics;NHS, National Health Service; ONS, Office of National Statistics;PPD, preferred place of death.