TY - JOUR T1 - Depression prevalence in cardiovascular disease: global systematic review and meta-analysis JF - BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care JO - BMJ Support Palliat Care DO - 10.1136/spcare-2022-003884 SP - spcare-2022-003884 AU - Sima Rafiei AU - Samira Raoofi AU - Aryan Baghaei AU - Maryam Masoumi AU - Maryam Doustmehraban AU - Zahra Nejatifar AU - Mohaddeseh Sanaei AU - Farzaneh Bagheribayati AU - Elahe sadat Vaziri Shahrebabak AU - Maral Shayestehbonyan AU - Akbar Javan Biparva AU - Neda Raoofi AU - Maryam Mir AU - Zeinab Momeni AU - Sama Yousefy AU - Zahra Hashemi Khoonigh AU - Fatemeh Rezaei AU - Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan AU - Ahmad Ghashghaee Y1 - 2023/03/10 UR - http://spcare.bmj.com/content/early/2023/03/09/spcare-2022-003884.abstract N2 - WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPICAccording to statistical reports, nearly 45% of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) struggle with major depressive symptoms. Based on WHO estimates, the prevalence of clinical depression in people suffering from CVD was reported up to 9% worldwide.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDSThe total number of patients with CVD was reported to be 64 068 167, of which 3 687 872 suffered from depression. According to our analysis, the prevalence rate of depression in patients with cardiovascular disease was estimated at 18.4% (95% CI 15% to 22.3%).HOW THIS STUDY MIGHT AFFECT RESEARCH, PRACTICE OR POLICYRegular screening for depression in patients with CVD should be a key priority in treatment programmes at least on a yearly basis, as a major risk factor for the disease.In accordance with the WHO, people with mental health issues including depression are regarded as a vulnerable group who should be given special attention in health promotion and preventive programmes. These vulnerable people often suffer from higher rates of discrimination and reduced access to health and social services, which ultimately might negatively affect their quality of life.1 2 It has been noted that when cardiac disease and depression occur simultaneously in the same individual, the prognosis of both diseases will intensify and accelerate.3 According to statistical reports, nearly 45% of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) struggle with major depressive symptoms.4 Research has also found that depression is more common in cardiac patients and plays as a crucial risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality.5Another justification for the association between depression and CVD is adherence to pharmacological and medical treatments which is recommended to cardiac patients. In fact, some of the features of depression contribute to the ideas and feelings of patients towards the disease, tendency to heal, confidence and trust in healthcare professionals and, most importantly, medical adherence, which ultimately affect the progression of the … ER -