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Systematic review
Global health-related quality of life in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis
  1. Zahra Hoseinipalangi1,
  2. Zahra Golmohammadi2,
  3. Sima Rafiei3,
  4. Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan1,
  5. Hossein Hosseinifard4,
  6. Sepideh Rezaei2,
  7. Saba Ahmadi1,
  8. Niloofar Ahmadi1,
  9. Samira Raoofi2,
  10. Farnaz Aghajani1,
  11. Afsaneh Dehnad5,
  12. Hosein Shabaninejad6,
  13. Sepideh Aghalou7,
  14. Hamide Shabani2 and
  15. Ahmad Ghashghaee8,9
  1. 1 Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
  2. 2 Student Research Committee, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
  3. 3 Social determinants of health research center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
  4. 4 Research center for evidence based medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
  5. 5 Department of English Language, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6 Population Health Sciences Institute (PHSI), Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
  7. 7 Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
  8. 8 Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9 School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  1. Correspondence to Ahmad Ghashghaee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran (the Islamic Republic of); ahmad.ghashghaee1996{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Background and aim Signs and symptoms of schizophrenia may have serious impacts on patients’ quality of life leading to concern about different aspects of their lives. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies examining the quality of life among patients with schizophrenia and its relationship with patients’ characteristics.

Materials and methods A total of 40 studies were extracted from searching of relevant databases published between 2000 and 2020. Descriptive data and correlation coefficients between patient’s characteristics and quality of life were extracted and the results were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses standards and meta-analysis of pooled studies.

Results In total, 8363 patients with schizophrenia participated in 40 studies which used Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale revision 4. The total score of quality of life (QOL) in the study subjects was reported to be 40.66. Weighted effect size analyses revealed a significant relationship between QOL and variables including patients’ age and duration of the disease. Furthermore, the highest (the worst) score of QOL in schizophrenia patients was observed in Europe 47.04 (95% CI 41.26 to 52.82) and the Euro region 47.05 (95% CI 41.18 to 52.92).

Conclusion Overall, the QOL among patients with schizophrenia was in a good status, which could be improved through considering different life aspects of people living in various contexts. In fact, clarifying the determinants of QOL would be a key step in the provision of future treatment efforts.

  • quality of life
  • psychological care
  • social care

Data availability statement

Data are available on reasonable request. This systematic review was conducted based on a registered protocol at PROSPERO (CRD42020213665) available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020213665 and was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA).

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-002936

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    Data availability statement

    Data are available on reasonable request. This systematic review was conducted based on a registered protocol at PROSPERO (CRD42020213665) available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020213665 and was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA).

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors Conception and design of study ZH, AG and FPK. Acquisition of data: ZH, AG, FPK, SR, SA, HS and SA. Analysis and/or interpretation of data: HH, ZH, NA and SR. Drafting the manuscript: ZH, AG and FA. Revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content: ZH, AD, AG, FPK, SR and ZG. Approval of the version of the manuscript to be published: ZH, AG, FPK, SR and HS.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.